ࡱ> _a\]^`bjbjss..0000000Dh:h:h:h:$:DWSL;L;L;L;L;L;L;L;RRRRRRR$ ThuVR-0BHL;L;BHBHR00L;L;SNRNRNRBH0L;0L;RNRBHRNRNR00NRL;@; kM2h:MNRrRL'S0WSNR3WQ^3WNR3W0NR$L;b>4NR@ZBL;L;L;RRDR L;L;L;WSBHBHBHBHDDD$5h:DDDh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rv VX6"p#**\//:;FFSS*T,TVVx`z```aappqqyydԄT>DƥЬ$&LpȹȹȹȹȹȹȹȹȹȹȹȹȹȹȹȞȹȹh)A5B*CJ\aJphh)AB*CJaJphh5h)AB*CJaJph#h5h)A5B*CJ\aJph!h)A5B*CJ KH$\aJ ph'h2,h)A5B*CJ KH$\aJ ph>v f NB6dd5$7$8$9DH$[$\$^`gd)A $dd5$7$8$9D@&H$[$\$^`a$gd)A $dd5$7$8$9D@&H$[$\$^`a$gd)A "p#:&&(*p,.\//L235X749::;f= $dd5$7$8$9D@&H$[$\$^`a$gd)Add5$7$8$9DH$[$\$^`gd)Af=6?@hBEFFnHtKMO2QRVVXY4ZR[<]@_aa $dd5$7$8$9D@&H$[$\$^`a$gd)Add5$7$8$9DH$[$\$^`gd)AaadgPjk4mpqqstXuwxTyyyz{|dd5$7$8$9DH$[$\$^`gd)A $dd5$7$8$9D@&H$[$\$^`a$gd)AdԄވTb؍$DnؔƖЛ\` $dd5$7$8$9D@&H$[$\$^`a$gd)Add5$7$8$9DH$[$\$^`gd)A`ؤ>ƥhn(LfҶzp $dd5$7$8$9D@&H$[$\$^`a$gd)Add5$7$8$9D@&H$[$\$^`gd)Add5$7$8$9DH$[$\$^`gd)Aj :( Xv $dd5$7$8$9D@&H$[$\$^`a$gd)Add5$7$8$9D@&H$[$\$^`gd)Add5$7$8$9DH$[$\$^`gd)A(nj <:>v ((-.128F9l>>Z?\?G$HPJQYZbb8f:fffDkkw$x&xBx&nnҋԋš4`rUh)AB*CJaJph#h5h)A5B*CJ\aJphh)A5B*CJ\aJphh5h)AB*CJaJphLjJhd \t<: $dd5$7$8$9D@&H$[$\$^`a$gd)Add5$7$8$9DH$[$\$^`gd)A2>v .!!8&(()-./1123T5 $dd5$7$8$9D@&H$[$\$^`a$gd)Add5$7$8$9DH$[$\$^`gd)A;5:A0=4@III. ..>154>=>AF52. ..0B:>2. 0=8D5AB > "=57K1;5<>AB8" A0<>45@6028O(1881). 07=0G5=85 <8=8AB@>< 2=CB@5==8E 45; ..">;AB>3>. >;8B8:0 :>=B@@5D>@<. &5=7C@0 8 ?@>A25I5=85. "@5<5==K5 ?@028;0" > ?5G0B8 18823. #:07 > A@54=59 H:>;5(1882). #:07 > ":CE0@:8=KE 45BOE"(1887). #=825@A8B5BA:89 CAB02 18843. ..5;O=>2. 3@0@=>-:@5ABLO=A:89 2>?@>A > ?>;8B8:5 A0<>45@6028O. #G@5645=85 @5ABLO=A:>3> ?>75<5;L=>3> 10=:0 (1882). 0:>= >1 >1I8=5 (1893). ">;>65=85 > 75<A:8E CG0AB:>2KE =0G0;L=8:0E" (1889). 5<A:0O (1890) 8 3>@>4A:0O (1892) :>=B@@5D>@<K. B>38 8 7=0G5=85 :>=B@@5D>@<. =5H=OO ?>;8B8:0 >AA88 2> 2B>@>9 ?>;>28=5 XIX2. 564C=0@>4=>5 ?>;>65=85 >AA88 ?>A;5 @K<A:>9 2>9=K. 7<5=5=85 2=5H=5?>;8B8G5A:>9 ?@>3@0<<K AB@0=K. ..>@G0:>2. A=>2=K5 =0?@02;5=8O 8 MB0?K 2=5H=59 ?>;8B8:8 >AA88 2B>@>9 ?>;>28=K XIX2. >@L10 >AA88 70 >B<5=C >3@0=8G8B5;L=KE CA;>289 0@86A:>3> 4>3>2>@0 18563. B=>H5=8O A $@0=F859, @CAA859 8 2AB@859 =0 @C1565 50-60-E3>4>2. >;8B8:0 >AA88 8 70?04=>52@>?59A:8E 45@602 2 3>4K ?>;LA:>3> 2>AAB0=8O. >78F8O >AA88 2 2>9=0E @CAA88 70 >1J548=5=85 5@<0=88. >=4>=A:0O :>=25=F8O 18713. 8 >B<5=0 =59B@0;870F88 '5@=>3> <>@O. >AA8O 2 A8AB5<5 <564C=0@>4=KE >B=>H5=89 ?>A;5 D@0=:>-?@CAA:>9 2>9=K. !>N7 B@5E 8<?5@0B>@>2. >AA8O 8 2>AB>G=K9 :@878A 70-E3>4>2 XIX2. &5;8 ?>;8B8:8 >AA88 2 2>AB>G=>< 2>?@>A5. >;>65=85 A;02O=A:8E =0@>4>2 2 A>AB025 A<0=A:>9 8<?5@88 8 =0F8>=0;L=>->A2>1>48B5;L=>5 42865=85 =0 0;:0=0E. >;8B8:0 >AA88 8 4@C38E 25;8:8E 45@602 2 1875-187733. CAA:>-BC@5F:0O 2>9=0 1877-187833.: ?@8G8=K, ?;0=K 8 A8;K AB>@>=, E>4 2>5==KE 459AB289 =0 0;:0=A:>< 8 02:07A:>< B50B@0E 2>5==KE 459AB289. ..C@:>. ..!:>15;52. !0=-!B5D0=A:89 <8@=K9 4>3>2>@. 5@;8=A:89 :>=3@5AA 8 53> @5H5=8O. >;L >AA88 2 >A2>1>645=88 10;:0=A:8E =0@>4>2 >B >A<0=A:>3> 830. =5H=OO ?>;8B8:0 >AA88 2 80-90-5 3>4K XIX2. !:;04K20=85 =>2>9 @0AAB0=>2:8 A8; =0 <564C=0@>4=>9 0@5=5. >7>1=>2;5=85 !>N70 B@5E 8<?5@0B>@>2(1881). 1@07>20=85 "@>9AB25==>3> A>N70(1882). #EC4H5=85 >B=>H5=89 >AA88 A 5@<0=859 8 2AB@>-5=3@859. 0:;NG5=85 @CAA:>-D@0=FC7A:>3> A>N70 (1891-1894). @8A>548=5=85 !@54=59 788 : >AA88 !>F80;L=>-M:>=><8G5A:89 8 ?>;8B8G5A:89 AB@>9 A@54=50780BA:8E E0=AB2 2 XIX2. CAA:>-0=3;89A:>5 A>?5@=8G5AB2> 2 !@54=59 788. >B82K ?@>42865=8O >AA88 2 !@54=NN 78N. :B82870F8O @CAA:>9 ?>;8B8:8 2 60-5 3>4K XIX2. CAA:>-1CE0@A:85 >B=>H5=8O 8 >1@07>20=85 "C@:5AB0=A:>3> 35=5@0;-3C15@=0B>@AB20. #B25@645=85 >AA88 2 @09>=5 @0A=>2>4A:0. @8A>548=5=85 %82K. :;NG5=85 >:0=4A:>3> E0=AB20 2 A>AB02 "C@:5AB0=A:>3> :@0O. >4G8=5=85 BC@:<5=A:8E ?;5<5=. CAA:>-0=3;89A:85 A>3;0H5=8O. @>B82>@5G8O 2 MB>< @538>=5. @30=870F8O 2>5==>-04<8=8AB@0B82=>3> C?@02;5=8O !@54=59 7859. =0G5=85 ?@8A>548=5=8O !@54=59 788 : >AA88. !>F80;L=>-M:>=><8G5A:>5 @0728B85 >AA88 2 =0G0;5 XX2. 4<8=8AB@0B82=>-B5@@8B>@80;L=>5 45;5=85 >AA88 2 =0G0;5 XX2. 0A5;5=85 AB@0=K. >AB 8 42865=85 =0A5;5=8O. !>F80;L=0O AB@C:BC@0. 01>G89 :;0AA. @5ABLO=AB2>. C@6C078O. 2>@O=AB2>. 1I0O E0@0:B5@8AB8:0 @>AA89A:>9 ?@><KH;5==>AB8 2 =0G0;5 XX2. >AA89A:89 <>=>?>;8AB8G5A:89 :0?8B0;87< 8 53> >A>15==>AB8. -:>=><8G5A:89 :@878A 8 45?@5AA8O 1900-190833. @><KH;5==K9 ?>4J5< 1908-191333. !5;LA:>5 E>7O9AB2>. 1I85 CA;>28O 53> @0728B8O 2 =0G0;5 XX2. ><5I8GL5 E>7O9AB2>. @5ABLO=A:>5 E>7O9AB2>. >AA8O 2 =0G0;5 XX 2. 1>AB@5=85 M:>=><8G5A:8E, A>F80;L=KE 8 ?>;8B8G5A:8E ?@>B82>@5G89 2 AB@0=5 =0 @C1565 XIX-XX22. 07@520=85 @52>;NF8>==>9 A8BC0F88. !CI=>ABL 8 >A>15==>AB8 @52>;NF8>==>9 A8BC0F88 2 >AA88. KABC?;5=8O @>AA89A:>3> ?@>;5B0@80B0. 5@2><09A:0O 45<>=AB@0F8O 2 %0@L:>25 (1900). 1CE>2A:0O >1>@>=0 (1901). !B0G:0 2 >AB>25-=0->=C (1902). A5>1I0O AB0G:0 =0 .35 >AA88 (1903). 5:01@LA:0O 2A5>1I0O AB0G:0 2 0:C (1904). @5ABLO=A:85 2>;=5=8O 2 =0G0;5 XX2. 2865=85 45<>:@0B8G5A:>9 8=B5;;835=F88 8 ABC45=G5AB20. 1@07>20=85 ?0@B88 MA5@>2. 815@0;L=>-1C@6C07=>5 42865=85. "!>N7 >A2>1>645=8O". "A:@0". II AJ574 ! . >7=8:=>25=85 <5=LH5287<0 8 1>;LH5287<0 :0: 8459=KE B5G5=89 @>AA89A:>9 A>F80;-45<>:@0B88. =CB@5==OO ?>;8B8:0 F0@87<0. 8:>;09II. #A8;5=85 @5?@5AA89. ">;8F59A:89 A>F80;87<". "C10B>2I8=0" ("30?>=>2I8=0"). >;8B8:0 ?@028B5;LAB20 2 :@5ABLO=A:>< 2>?@>A5. =5H=OO ?>;8B8:0 >AA88 2 :>=F5 XIX- =0G0;5 XX2. =5H=OO ?>;8B8:0 F0@87<0 2 2@>?5, =0 ;86=5< 8 !@54=5< >AB>:5 =0 @C1565 XIX-XX22. 1>AB@5=85 ?@>B82>@5G89 <564C 8<?5@80;8AB8G5A:8<8 45@6020<8 =0 0;L=5< >AB>:5. 0;L=52>AB>G=0O ?>;8B8:0 >AA88. !B@>8B5;LAB2> . @5=40 >@B-@BC@0. ::C?0F8O 0=LG6C@88. >@L10 2 ?@02OI8E :@C30E >AA88 ?> 2>?@>A0< 2=5H=59 ?>;8B8:8. 8?;><0B8G5A:0O 87>;OF8O >AA88. CAA:>-O?>=A:0O 2>9=0 1904-190533. ;0=K 8 A8;K AB>@>=. %>4 2>5==KE 459AB289 =0 ACH5 8 =0 <>@5. ..C@>?0B:8=. !..0:0@>2. !@065=8O ?>4 O>O=>< 8 =0 @5:5 (0EM. 1>@>=0 >@B-@BC@0. C:45=A:>5 A@065=85. &CA8<0. >@BA<CBA:89 <8@. @8G8=K ?>@065=8O >AA88 2 2>9=5. B=>H5=85 : 2>9=5 :;0AA>2 8 ?0@B89. C@6C07=>-45<>:@0B8G5A:0O @52>;NF8O 1905-190733. %0@0:B5@, 4286CI85 A8;K 8 >A>15==>AB8 @CAA:>9 @52>;NF88 1905-190733. 0G0;> @52>;NF88. @>202>5 2>A:@5A5=L5 9O=20@O 19053. 0728B85 @52>;NF88 25A=>9 8 ;5B>< 19053. 5@2><09A:85 AB0G:8. 20=>2>->7=5A5=A:0O AB0G:0. >4J5< :@5ABLO=A:>3> 42865=8O. >AAB0=85 =0 1@>=5=>AF5 ">B5<:8=". C@6C07=>-;815@0;L=>5 42865=85. C;K38=A:0O 4C<0. A5@>AA89A:0O >:BO1@LA:0O ?>;8B8G5A:0O AB0G:0. 0G0;> 8 E>4 AB0G:8. !>25BK @01>G8E 45?CB0B>2. 0=8D5AB 17>:BO1@O. 018=5B !...8BB5. '5@=>A>B5==K5 >@30=870F88: "!>N7 @CAA:>3> =0@>40", "!>N7 8E08;0 @E0=35;0". 1@07>20=85 1C@6C07=KE ?0@B89. @5ABLO=A:>5 42865=85 2 >:BO1@5-45:01@5 19053. 52>;NF8>==K5 2KABC?;5=8O 2 0@<88 8 =0 D;>B5. 5:01@LA:>5 2>>@C65==>5 2>AAB0=85 2 >A:25. @8G8=K 53> ?>@065=8O, 8AB>@8G5A:>5 7=0G5=85 8 C@>:8. BABC?;5=85 @52>;NF88. 010AB>2>G=0O 1>@L10 ?@>;5B0@80B0. @5ABLO=A:>5 42865=85. KABC?;5=8O 2 0@<88 8 =0 D;>B5. K1>@K 2 >AC40@AB25==CN 4C<C. I>AC40@AB25==0O 4C<0. 3@0@=K9 2>?@>A 2 C<5. "@C4>28:8. "!>25B >1J548=5==>3> 42>@O=AB20". 073>= C<K. 8=8AB5@AB2> ..!B>;K?8=0. II>AC40@AB25==0O 4C<0. VAJ574 ! . >AC40@AB25==K9 ?5@52>@>B 38N=O 19073. @8G8=K ?>@065=8O 8 7=0G5=85 @52>;NF88. >AA8O 2 1907-191433. "@5BL58N=LA:0O ?>;8B8G5A:0O A8AB5<0. 718@0B5;L=K9 70:>= 38N=O 19073. III>AC40@AB25==0O 4C<0. 0AAB0=>2:0 ?>;8B8G5A:8E A8; 2 C<5. !B>;K?8=A:89 1>=0?0@B87<. 5OB5;L=>ABL C<K. @028B5;LAB25==K9 B5@@>@. !?04 @01>G53> 42865=8O 2 1907-191033. "5E8". 459=>-?>;8B8G5A:0O 1>@L10 2=CB@8 @>AA89A:>9 A>F80;-45<>:@0B88. !B>;K?8=A:0O 03@0@=0O @5D>@<0. #:07 9=>O1@O 19063. 0AA<>B@5=85 03@0@=>3> 70:>=>40B5;LAB20 2 C<5. ACI5AB2;5=85 03@0@=>9 @5D>@<K. 07@CH5=85 >1I8=K. %CB>@0 8 >B@C10. @5ABLO=A:89 ?>75<5;L=K9 10=:. 5@5A5;5=G5A:0O ?>;8B8:0. B=>H5=85 :@5ABLO= : @5D>@<5. %0@0:B5@, 8B>38 8 7=0G5=85 @5D>@<K. 682;5=85 >1I5AB25==>3> 42865=8O 2 19103. >AB G8A;5==>AB8 8 87<5=5=85 A>AB020 @01>G53> :;0AA0. >4J5< @01>G53> 42865=8O. 5=A:85 A>1KB8O. >AB AB0G5G=>9 1>@L1K 2 1912-191433. 530;L=K5 @01>G85 >@30=870F88. @5ABLO=A:>5 42865=85. 52>;NF8>==K5 2KABC?;5=8O 2 0@<88 8 =0 D;>B5. 0F8>=0;L=>->A2>1>48B5;L=>5 42865=85. IV >AC40@AB25==0O 4C<0. 0@B89=K9 A>AB02 8 4C<A:85 D@0:F88. 5OB5;L=>ABL C<K. 1@07>20=85 1C@6C07=>9 ?0@B88 ?@>3@5AA8AB>2. >;8B8G5A:89 :@878A 2 >AA88 =0:0=C=5 2>9=K. 01>G55 42865=85 ;5B>< 19143. =5H=OO ?>;8B8:0 >AA88 2 1907-191733. 564C=0@>4=>5 ?>;>65=85 2 =0G0;5 XX2. =3;>-@CAA:>5 A>3;0H5=85 19073. 1@07>20=85 =B0=BK. >43>B>2:0 >AA88 : 2>9=5. 5>@30=870F8O 0@<88. >5==K5 ?5@53>2>@K A =3;859 8 $@0=F859. >=A>;840F8O =B0=BK. 0G0;> ?5@2>9 <8@>2>9 2>9=K. !0@052A:>5 C189AB2>. @>8AE>645=85 8 E0@0:B5@ 2>9=K. ABC?;5=85 >AA88 2 2>9=C. B=>H5=85 : 2>9=5 ?0@B89 8 :;0AA>2. %>4 2>5==KE 459AB289 2 19143. !B@0B538G5A:85 A8;K 8 ?;0=K AB>@>=. >AB>G=>-@CAA:0O 8 0;8F89A:0O >?5@0F88. B>38 :0<?0=88. %>4 2>5==KE 459AB289 2 19153. ;0=K AB>@>=. 5B=55 >BABC?;5=85 @CAA:8E 2>9A:. B>38 :0<?0=88. %>4 2>5==KE 459AB289 2 19163. @CA8;>2A:89 ?@>@K2. B>38 :0<?0=88. >;L >AB>G=>3> D@>=B0 2 ?5@2>9 <8@>2>9 2>9=5. -:>=><8:0 >AA88 2 3>4K ?5@2>9 <8@>2>9 2>9=K. 8;8B0@870F8O M:>=><8:8. #A8;5=85 M:>=><8G5A:>9 8 D8=0=A>2>9 7028A8<>AB8 >AA88 >B =B0=BK. 03@0=8G=K5 70:07K. 0720; E>7O9AB20. -:>=><8G5A:89 :@878A. 01>G55 8 :@5ABLO=A:>5 42865=85 2 1915-191633. 52>;NF8>==>5 42865=85 2 0@<88 8 =0 D;>B5. >AB 0=B82>5==KE =0AB@>5=89. $>@<8@>20=85 1C@6C07=>9 >??>78F88. @>3@5AA82=K9 1;>:. @878A 25@E>2. CAA:0O :C;LBC@0 XIX- =0G0;0 XX2. 1I85 CA;>28O @0728B8O @CAA:>9 :C;LBC@K. @>A25I5=85. 0G0;L=0O, A@54=OO 8 2KAH0O H:>;0. 5403>38G5A:0O <KA;L. =83>8740B5;LA:0O 45OB5;L=>ABL, :=83>8740B5;8 8 :=86=0O B>@3>2;O. 5@8>48G5A:0O ?5G0BL: 3075BK 8 6C@=0;K. ;L<0=0E8. 81;8>B5G=>5 45;>. 0728B85 =0C:8 8 B5E=8:8. >AB865=8O 2 >1;0AB8 <0B5<0B8:8, D878:8, E8<88, 0AB@>=><88, 35>;>388, D878>;>388, <548F8=K, 18>;>388, M;5:B@>B5E=8:88B.4. 0CG=>-B5E=8G5A:85 >1I5AB20. 0CG=K5 H:>;K. 5>3@0D8G5A:85 8AA;54>20=8O 8 >B:@KB8O. CB5H5AB28O 8 ?CB5H5AB25==8:8. CAA:>5 35>3@0D8G5A:>5 >1I5AB2> 8 53> 45OB5;L=>ABL. 0728B85 3C<0=8B0@=KE 7=0=89: D8;>A>D8O, A>F8>;>38O, D8;>;>38O, 8AB>@8O. %C4>65AB25==0O :C;LBC@0. 8B5@0BC@0. >M78O. !<5=0 ;8B5@0BC@=KE =0?@02;5=89. ;0AA8F87<. !5=B8<5=B0;87<. ><0=B87<. 50;87<. 0BC@0;L=0O H:>;0. >45@=87<. 5:045=BAB2>. !8<2>;87<. $CBC@87<. :<587<. <068=87<. 20=30@487<. 8B5@0BC@=0O :@8B8:0. "50B@. @0<0BC@38O. C7K:0. >:0;L=K5 H:>;K. 0;5B. 7>1@078B5;L=>5 8A:CAAB2>. @E8B5:BC@0. !:C;L?BC@0. !B8;8, 60=@K, =0?@02;5=8O. "2>@G5A:85 >1J548=5=8O. C758 8 <C759=>5 45;>. >;;5:F8>=5@K 8 <5F5=0BK. $52@0;LA:0O @52>;NF8O 19173. 1>AB@5=85 A>F80;L=>-?>;8B8G5A:8E ?@>B82>@5G89 2 AB@0=5 2 O=20@5-D52@0;5 19173. 0G0;>, ?@54?>AK;:8 8 E0@0:B5@ @52>;NF88. >AAB0=85 2 5B@>3@045. 1@07>20=85 5B@>3@04A:>3> !>25B0. @5<5==K9 :><8B5B >AC40@AB25==>9 4C<K. @8:07 NI. 1@07>20=85 @5<5==>3> ?@028B5;LAB20. B@5G5=85 8:>;0OII. @8G8=K 2>7=8:=>25=8O 42>52;0AB8O 8 53> ACI=>ABL. $52@0;LA:89 ?5@52>@>B 2 >A:25, =0 D@>=B5, 2 ?@>28=F88. @8G8=K ?>154K 8 ?5@A?5:B82K @0728B8O $52@0;LA:>9 @52>;NF88. 5 8AB>@8G5A:>5 7=0G5=85. B $52@0;O : :BO1@N >;8B8:0 @5<5==>3> ?@028B5;LAB20 2 >B=>H5=88 2>9=K 8 <8@0, ?> 03@0@=><C, =0F8>=0;L=><C, @01>G5<C 2>?@>A0<. B=>H5=8O <564C @5<5==K< ?@028B5;LAB2>< 8 !>25B0<8. @8574 ..5=8=0 2 5B@>3@04. >;8B8G5A:85 ?0@B88 (:045BK, MA5@K, <5=LH528:8, 1>;LH528:8): ?>;8B8G5A:85 ?@>3@0<<K, 2;8O=85 2 <0AA0E. @878AK @5<5==>3> ?@028B5;LAB20 (0?@5;L, 8N=L, 8N;L). >?KB:0 2>5==>3> ?5@52>@>B0 2 AB@0=5. >AB @52>;NF8>==KE =0AB@>5=89 2 <0AA0E. >;LH52870F8O AB>;8G=KE !>25B>2. #3;C1;5=85 >1I5=0F8>=0;L=>3> :@878A0. >?KB:8 AB018;870F88 ?>;>65=8O 2 AB>;8F5 8 2 AB@0=5. @8G8=K 8E =5C40G. >1540 :BO1@LA:>9 @52>;NF88 8 ?5@2K5 H038 !>25BA:>3> 3>AC40@AB20 >43>B>2:0 8 ?@>2545=85 2>>@C65==>3> 2>AAB0=8O 2 5B@>3@045. II A5@>AA89A:89 AJ574 !>25B>2. 5H5=8O > 2;0AB8, <8@5, 75<;5. $>@<8@>20=85 >@30=>2 3>AC40@AB25==>9 2;0AB8 8 C?@02;5=8O. !>AB02 ?5@2>3> !>25BA:>3> ?@028B5;LAB20. >1540 2>>@C65==>3> 2>AAB0=8O 2 >A:25. 073@>< 2>>@C65==KE G0AB59 5@5=A:>3>-@0A=>20 ?>4 5B@>3@04><. #;LB8<0BC< 8:65;O. 5@5E>4 =0 AB>@>=C A>25BA:>9 2;0AB8 0@<88, "5:;0@0F8O ?@02 =0@>4>2 >AA88". >@L10 70 2;0ABL !>25B>2 2 =0F8>=0;L=KE @09>=0E. >1540 A>25BA:>9 2;0AB8 =0 #:@08=5, 2 5;>@CAA88, @810;B8:5. @87=0=85 =57028A8<>AB8 $8=;O=488 8 >;LH8. !;>< AB0@>3> 8 A>740=85 =>2>3> 3>AC40@AB25==>3> 0??0@0B0. @028B5;LAB25==>5 A>3;0H5=85 A ;52K<8 MA5@0<8. K1>@K 2 #G@548B5;L=>5 A>1@0=85, 53> A>7K2 8 @073>=. III A5@>AA89A:89 AJ574 !>25B>2. !;8O=85 !>25B>2. "5:;0@0F8O ?@02 B@C4OI53>AO 8 M:A?;C0B8@C5<>3> =0@>40". @>2>73;0H5=85 !>25BA:>9 >AA88 D545@0F859. 5@2K5 A>F80;L=>-M:>=><8G5A:85 ?@5>1@07>20=8O 2 >1;0AB8 ?@><KH;5==>AB8, A5;LA:>3> E>7O9AB20, D8=0=A>2, @01>G53> 8 65=A:>3> 2>?@>A>2. &5@:>2L 8 3>AC40@AB2>. KE>4 87 <8@>2>9 2>9=K. 5@53>2>@K A> AB@0=0<8 35@<0=A:>3> 1;>:0. 07=>3;0A8O 2 A>25BA:>< @C:>2>4AB25 8 2 ?0@B88 1>;LH528:>2 ?> 2>?@>AC > <8@5. @5ABA:89 <8@=K9 4>3>2>@, 53> CA;>28O 8 7=0G5=85. %>7O9AB25==K5 7040G8 A>25BA:>9 2;0AB8 25A=>9 19183. 1>AB@5=85 ?@>4>2>;LAB25==>3> 2>?@>A0. 2545=85 ?@>4>2>;LAB25==>9 48:B0BC@K. 01>G85 ?@>4>B@O4K. ><154K. OB56 ;52KE MA5@>2 8 :@0E 42CE?0@B89=>9 A8AB5<K 2 >AA88. VA5@>AA89A:89 AJ574 !>25B>2. 5@20O !>25BA:0O >=AB8BCF8O. !B@0=0 !>25B>2 2 ?5@8>4 3@0640=A:>9 2>9=K 8 8=B5@25=F88. 1918-192033. @8G8=K 8=B5@25=F88 8 3@0640=A:>9 2>9=K. 0G0;> 8=B5@25=F88. OB56 15;>G5E>2. !>1KB8O =0 >AB>G=>< 8 .6=>< D@>=B0E ;5B><- >A5=LN 19183. !>25BA:0O >AA8O 2 :>;LF5 D@>=B>2. @52@0I5=85 AB@0=K 2 2>5==K9 ;035@L. >5==>-?>;8B8G5A:0O >@30=870F8O 0=B8A>25BA:8E A8;. ==C;8@>20=85 @5ABA:>3> <8@=>3> 4>3>2>@0. 1@07>20=85 =>2KE A>25BA:8E @5A?C1;8: 2 1918-191933. E A2O78 A !$! . 045=85 A>25BA:>9 2;0AB8 2 @810;B8:5. >5==K5 459AB28O 2 1919-192033. >5==K9 A>N7 A>25BA:8E @5A?C1;8:. >@L10 A 2>>@C65==K<8 A8;0<8 >;G0:0, 5=8:8=0, .45=8G0. !>25BA:>-?>;LA:0O 2>9=0. 86A:89 <8@=K9 4>3>2>@. A2>1>645=85 @K<0. #AB0=>2;5=85 A>25BA:>9 2;0AB8 2 0:02:07L5 8 >1@07>20=85 =>2KE A>25BA:8E @5A?C1;8: 2 1920-192133. >1540 A>25BA:>9 2;0AB8 =0 0;L=5< >AB>:5. %>7O9AB25==K9 A>N7 @5A?C1;8:. =CB@5==OO ?>;8B8:0 A>25BA:>3> @C:>2>4AB20 2 3>4K 2>9=K. ">5==K9 :><<C=87<". ;0= - . !>740=85 02B>=><=KE @5A?C1;8: 2 A>AB025 !$! . '5;>25G5A:85 8 <0B5@80;L=K5 ?>B5@8 ?5@8>40 3@0640=A:>9 2>9=K 8 2>5==>9 8=B5@25=F88. 52>;NF8O 8 :C;LBC@0. 1917-192033. !>740=85 >@30=>2 C?@02;5=8O :C;LBC@>9. 0@:><?@>A. @>;5B:C;LB. 0G0;> ;8:2840F88 =53@0<>B=>AB8 8 A>740=85 A>25BA:>9 A8AB5<K =0@>4=>3> >1@07>20=8O. >;8B8:0 1>;LH528:>2 ?> >B=>H5=8N : 8=B5;;835=F88. B=>H5=85 8=B5;;835=F88 : @52>;NF88 8 !>25BA:>9 2;0AB8. !>25BA:>5 3>AC40@AB2> 2 ?5@8>4 =M?0 (1921- :>=5F 1920-E3>4>2) =5H=OO ?>;8B8:0. >3>2>@K A ?>3@0=8G=K<8 AB@0=0<8. 8?;><0B8G5A:89 A>N7 A>25BA:8E @5A?C1;8:. #G0AB85 >AA88 2 5=CM7A:>9, 003A:>9, >A:>2A:>9 8 >70==A:>9 :>=D5@5=F8OE. 8?;><0B8G5A:>5 ?@87=0=85 !!!  >A=>2=K<8 :0?8B0;8AB8G5A:8<8 AB@0=0<8. =CB@5==OO ?>;8B8:0. !>F80;L=>-M:>=><8G5A:89 8 ?>;8B8G5A:89 :@878A =0G0;0 20-E3>4>2. >;>4 1921-192233. 5@5E>4 : =>2>9 M:>=><8G5A:>9 ?>;8B8:5. !CBL =M?0. M? 2 >1;0AB8 A5;LA:>3> E>7O9AB20, B>@3>2;8, ?@><KH;5==>AB8. $8=0=A>20O @5D>@<0. >AAB0=>2;5=85 M:>=><8:8. @878AK 2 ?5@8>4 =M?0 8 ?CB8 8E ?@5>4>;5=8O. !C4L10 =M?0. @>5:BK A>740=8O !>N70 !! . IAJ574 !>25B>2 !!! . 3> @5H5=8O. 5@2>5 ?@028B5;LAB2> 8 >=AB8BCF8O !!! . 0F8>=0;L=>-3>AC40@AB25==>5 AB@>8B5;LAB2> 2 20-53>4K. 8A:CAA88 > ?CBOE @0728B8O !!! . >A;54=85 @01>BK ..5=8=0 > 2=CB@5==59 8 2=5H=59 ?>;8B8:5 !>25BA:>3> 3>AC40@AB20. =CB@8?0@B89=0O 1>@L10. $>@<8@>20=85 @568<0 ;8G=>9 2;0AB8 !B0;8=0. !!!  2 3>4K ?5@2KE ?OB8;5B>: (:>=5F 20-E3>4>2 - 30-53>4K) =4CAB@80;870F8O 8 :>;;5:B82870F8O. C@A =0 8=4CAB@80;870F8N. AB>G=8:8 =0:>?;5=8O. 1>AB@5=85 ?@>4>2>;LAB25==>3> 2>?@>A0. @>1;5<0 E;51>703>B>2>:. "'@572KG09I8=0" 8 A25@BK20=85 =M?0. $>@<8@>20=85 8 C:@5?;5=85 3>AC40@AB25==>9 A8AB5<K C?@02;5=8O M:>=><8:>9. !25@BK20=85 @K=>G=>9 M:>=><8:8. C@A =0 A?;>H=CN :>;;5:B82870F8N. 01>G89 :;0AA 8 AB@>8B5;LAB2> :>;E>7>2. 0A:C;0G820=85. 8:2840F8O :;0AA0 :@5ABLO=-548=>;8G=8:>2. $>@<8@>20=85 :;0AA0 :>;E>7=>3> :@5ABLO=AB20. B>@>9 AJ574 :>;E>7=8:>2. 0:@5?;5=85 :>;E>7=>3> AB@>O. 07@01>B:0 8 >ACI5AB2;5=85 ?5@2KE ?OB8;5B=8E ?;0=>2. !>F80;8AB8G5A:>5 A>@52=>20=85- F5;L, D>@<K, ;845@K. >2K5 3>@>40, ?@54?@8OB8O 8 >B@0A;8. >AB G8A;5==>AB8 @01>G53> :;0AA0, B5E=8G5A:>9 8=B5;;835=F88. 045=85 A5;LA:>E>7O9AB25==>3> ?@>872>4AB20. >;>4 1932-193333. @><KH;5==>5 8 A5;LA:>E>7O9AB25==>5 ?@>872>4AB2> 2 A5@548=5 8 2B>@>9 ?>;>28=5 30-E3>4>2, 4>AB865=8O 8 ?@>AG5BK. &5=0 A>F80;L=>-M:>=><8G5A:>9 "@52>;NF88 A25@EC". >;8B8G5A:>5, =0F8>=0;L=>-3>AC40@AB25==>5 @0728B85 2 30-53>4K. =CB@8?0@B89=0O 1>@L10. >;8B8G5A:85 @5?@5AA88. $>@<8@>20=85 =><5=:;0BC@K :0: A;>O C?@02;5=F52. !B0;8=A:89 @568< 8 >=AB8BCF8O !!!  19363. !>25BA:0O :C;LBC@0 2 20-30-533. @5>1@07>20=8O 2 AD5@5 :C;LBC@K. @>?030=40 8 =0A0645=85 :><<C=8AB8G5A:>9 845>;>388 8 =@02AB25==>AB8. 8:2840F8O <0AA>2>9 =53@0<>B=>AB8. !B@>8B5;LAB2> A>25BA:>9 >1I5>1@07>20B5;L=>9 H:>;K. (:>;L=0O @5D>@<0 30-E 3>4>2. 5@5E>4 :> 2A5>1I5<C >1O70B5;L=><C >1@07>20=8N. !B@>8B5;LAB2> A>25BA:>9 2KAH59 H:>;K. 01D0:8. 7<5=5=85 A>F80;L=>3> A>AB020 ABC45=G5AB20. >2K5 2C7K. $>@<8@>20=85 A>25BA:>9 8=B5;;835=F88. 0728B85 =0C:8. ><<C=8AB8G5A:0O 0:045<8O. 5D>@<0 . !!! . !%. 0CG=K5 4>AB865=8O 8 >B:@KB8O. 0CG=K5 48A:CAA88. >;8B870F8O =0C:8. 8B5@0BC@0 8 8A:CAAB2>. "2>@G5A:85 >@30=870F88 8 A>N7K 20-E3>4>2. 8B5@0BC@=K5 48A:CAA88 20-E3>4>2. "2>@G5A:85 A>N7K 30-E 3>4>2. E <5AB> 2 A8AB5<5 3>AC40@AB25==>3> A>F80;87<0. >@L10 A D>@<0;87<><. #B25@645=85 ?@8=F8?0 A>F80;8AB8G5A:>3> @50;87<0. 5OB5;8, 4>AB865=8O 8 ?>B5@8 ;8B5@0BC@K 8 8A:CAAB20 20-30-E3>4>2. =5H=OO ?>;8B8:0 2B>@>9 ?>;>28=K 20-E-A5@548=K 30-E33. 1>AB@5=85 <564C=0@>4=>3> ?>;>65=8O !!!  2> 2B>@>9 ?>;>28=5 20-E3>4>2. 07@K2 48?;><0B8G5A:8E >B=>H5=89 A 5;8:>1@8B0=859 8 8B05<. >=D;8:B =0 . =5H=5B>@3>2K5 B@C4=>AB8 !!!  2 =0G0;5 30-E3>4>2. #?@>G5=85 <564C=0@>4=>3> ?>;>65=8O !!!  2 ?5@2>9 ?>;>28=5 30-E3>4>2. B=>H5=8O A !(. ABC?;5=85 2 83C 0F89. >3>2>@K A $@0=F859, '5E>A;>20:859. 5@53>2>@K > A>740=88 A8AB5<K :>;;5:B82=>9 157>?0A=>AB8 2 2@>?5 8 788. ><>IL @5A?C1;8:0=A:>9 A?0=88 8 8B0N. >5==K5 :>=D;8:BK A /?>=859. !!!  =0:0=C=5 2>9=K (1938-8N=L 19413.) =CB@5==OO ?>;8B8:0. !B@>8B5;LAB2> ?@54?@8OB89-4C1;5@>2. >AB 2>5==>3> ?@>872>4AB20. '@572KG09=K5 <5@K 2 >1;0AB8 B@C4>2>3> 70:>=>40B5;LAB20. 5@K ?> @5H5=8N 75@=>2>9 ?@>1;5<K. >>@C65==K5 A8;K. >AB G8A;5==>AB8 @0A=>9 @<88. >5==0O @5D>@<0. 5?@5AA88 ?@>B82 :><0=4=KE :04@>2  8 $. =5H=OO ?>;8B8:0. =3;>-D@0=:>-A>25BA:85 ?5@53>2>@K 19393. 0:B > =5=0?045=88 8 4>3>2>@ > 4@C615 8 3@0=8F0E <564C !!!  8 5@<0=859. 0:B > =59B@0;8B5B5 <564C !!!  8 /?>=859. E>645=85 0?04=>9 #:@08=K 8 0?04=>9 5;>@CAA88 2 !!! . !>25BA:>-D8=A:0O 2>9=0. :;NG5=85 @5A?C1;8: @810;B8:8 8 4@C38E B5@@8B>@89 2 A>AB02 !!! . #:@5?;5=85 40;L=52>AB>G=KE 3@0=8F. !>25BA:>5 3>AC40@AB2> 2 3>4K 5;8:>9 B5G5AB25==>9 2>9=K (1941-1945 33.) 5@8>4870F8O 5;8:>9 B5G5AB25==>9 2>9=K. 0G0;L=K9 MB0? 2>9=K. @52@0I5=85 AB@0=K 2 2>5==K9 ;035@L. >5==K5 ?>@065=8O 1941-194233. 8 8E ?@8G8=K. >A:>2A:0O 18B20. >@5==>9 ?5@5;>< 2 E>45 2>9=K. !B0;8=3@04A:0O 8 C@A:0O 18B2K. 8B20 70 =5?@. A2>1>645=85 AB@0=K >B =5<5F:>-D0H8ABA:8E 70E20BG8:>2. >5==K5 >?5@0F88 2>>@C65==KE A8; !!!  2 >AB>G=>9 8 &5=B@0;L=>9 2@>?5. 8B20 70 5@;8=. 0?8BC;OF8O D0H8ABA:>9 5@<0=88. #G0AB85 !!!  2 2>9=5 A /?>=859. !>25BA:89 BK; 2 3>4K 2>9=K. 5@5AB@>9:0 M:>=><8:8 =0 2>5==K9 ;04. -20:C0F8O ?@>872>48B5;L=KE A8; =0 >AB>:. >AB 2>5==>3> ?@>872>4AB20. :;04 =0C:8 2 2>5==CN M:>=><8:C. "@C4=>AB8 A5;LA:>E>7O9AB25==>3> ?@>872>4AB20. 5?>@B0F8O =0@>4>2. 5OB5;8 :C;LBC@K 2 1>@L15 A D0H87<><. >@L10 2 BK;C 2@030. "@C4=>AB8 =0G0;L=>3> MB0?0 ?0@B870=A:>3> 8 ?>4?>;L=>3> 42865=8O. 5@>8-?0@B870=K, ?0@B870=A:85 >B@O4K, 7>=K, @594K. >AB ?0@B870=A:>3> 42865=8O. " 5;LA>20O" 2>9=0. '5;>25G5A:85 8 <0B5@80;L=K5 ?>B5@8 2 E>45 2>9=K. !>740=85 0=B838B;5@>2A:>9 :>0;8F88. 5:;0@0F8O >1J548=5==KE =0F89. @>1;5<0 2B>@>3> D@>=B0. >=D5@5=F88 ">;LH>9 B@>9:8". @>1;5<K ?>A;52>5==>3> <8@=>3> C@53C;8@>20=8O 8 2A5AB>@>==53> A>B@C4=8G5AB20. !!!  8. =0G5=85 ?>154K A>25BA:>3> =0@>40 2 5;8:>9 B5G5AB25==>9 2>9=5. !!!  2 A5@548=5 40-E- =0G0;5 50-E3>4>2 =5H=OO ?>;8B8:0: !!!  8 =>20O @0AAB0=>2:0 A8; =0 <564C=0@>4=>9 0@5=5. 0G0;> "E>;>4=>9 2>9=K". !>25BA:0O ?>78F8O ?> 35@<0=A:><C 2>?@>AC. :;04 !!!  2 A>740=85 "A>F80;8AB8G5A:>3> ;035@O". 1@07>20=85 !-. =CB@5==OO ?>;8B8:0. >AAB0=>2;5=85 =0@>4=>3> E>7O9AB20. 0ACE0 19463. "@C4=>AB8 A5;LA:>3> E>7O9AB20. B<5=0 :0@B>G=>9 A8AB5<K. 5=56=0O @5D>@<0. 1I5AB25==>-?>;8B8G5A:0O 687=L. 5@52K1>@K !>25B>2. >;8B8:0 2 >1;0AB8 =0C:8 8 :C;LBC@K. @>4>;65=85 @5?@5AA89. "5=8=3@04A:>5 45;>". 0<?0=8O ?@>B82 :>A<>?>;8B87<0. "5;> 2@0G59". !<5@BL ..!B0;8=0. !>25BA:>5 >1I5AB2> 2 A5@548=5 50-E- ?5@2>9 ?>;>28=5 60-E3>4>2 !>F80;L=>-M:>=><8G5A:>5 @0728B85: 75@=>20O ?@>1;5<0 8 <5@K ?> 55 @5H5=8N. 1;53G5=85 ?>;>65=8O :>;E>7=>3> :@5ABLO=AB20. 1>AB@5=85 ?@>4>2>;LAB25==KE B@C4=>AB59 2 !!! . C@A =0 CA:>@5=85 =0CG=>-B5E=8G5A:>3> ?@>3@5AA0 8 E8<870F8N =0@>4=>3> E>7O9AB20. 5D>@<0 C?@02;5=8O ?@><KH;5==>ABLN 8 AB@>8B5;LAB2><. 8;8I=>5 AB@>8B5;LAB2>. 1I5AB25==>-?>;8B8G5A:>5 @0728B85: XXAJ574 !! 8 >AC645=85 :C;LB0 ;8G=>AB8 !B0;8=0. 5018;8B0F8O 65@B2 @5?@5AA89 8 45?>@B0F89. 0AH8@5=85 ?@02 A>N7=KE @5A?C1;8:. =CB@8?0@B89=0O 1>@L10 2> 2B>@>9 ?>;>28=5 50-E3>4>2. C@A =0 AB@>8B5;LAB2> :><<C=87<0, XXII AJ574 !!. 0728B85 ;8B5@0BC@K 8 8A:CAAB20. (:>;L=0O @5D>@<0. =5H=OO ?>;8B8:0: A>740=85 . 2>4 A>25BA:8E 2>9A: 2 5=3@8N. 1>AB@5=85 A>25BA:>-:8B09A:8E >B=>H5=89. 0A:>; "A>F80;8AB8G5A:>3> ;035@O". !>25BA:>-0<5@8:0=A:85 >B=>H5=8O 8 0@81A:89 :@878A. !!!  8 AB@0=K "B@5BL53> <8@0". !>:@0I5=85 G8A;5==>AB8 2>>@C65==KE A8; !!! . >A:>2A:89 4>3>2>@ >1 >3@0=8G5=88 O45@=KE 8A?KB0=89. !!!  2 A5@548=5 60-E- ?5@2>9 ?>;>28=5 80-E 3>4>2 !>F80;L=>-M:>=><8G5A:>5 @0728B85: M:>=><8G5A:0O @5D>@<0 19653. 5 A>45@60=85 8 ?@8G8=K =5C40G8. @52@0I5=85 M:>=><8G5A:>3> ?@>AB@0=AB20 !!!  2 548=K9 =0@>4=>E>7O9AB25==K9 :><?;5:A. @><KH;5==>ABL, A5;LA:>5 E>7O9AB2>. @>3@0<<0 @0728B8O 5G5@=>75<LO. @>4>2>;LAB25==0O ?@>3@0<<0 =0 80-5 3>4K 8 ?@8G8=K 55 ?@>20;0. 0@0AB0=85 B@C4=>AB59 M:>=><8G5A:>3> @0728B8O. 045=85 B5<?>2 A>F80;L=>-M:>=><8G5A:>3> @>AB0. >=AB8BCF8O !!!  19773. >=F5?F8O "@0728B>3> A>F80;87<0". 1I5AB25==>-?>;8B8G5A:0O 687=L !!!  2 1970-5- =0G0;5 198033. =5H=OO ?>;8B8:0: 4>3>2>@ > =5@0A?@>AB@0=5=88 O45@=>3> >@C68O. 0:@5?;5=85 ?>A;52>5==KE 3@0=8F 2 2@>?5. >A:>2A:89 4>3>2>@ A $ . !>25I0=85 ?> 157>?0A=>AB8 8 A>B@C4=8G5AB2C 2 2@>?5 (!!). !>25BA:>-0<5@8:0=A:85 4>3>2>@K 70-E 3>4>2. !>25BA:>-:8B09A:85 >B=>H5=8O. 2>4 A>25BA:8E 2>9A: 2 '5E>A;>20:8N 8 D30=8AB0=. 1>AB@5=85 <564C=0@>4=>9 =0?@O65==>AB8 8 !!! . #A8;5=85 A>25BA:>-0<5@8:0=A:>3> ?@>B82>AB>O=8O 2 =0G0;5 80-E 3>4>2. !!!  2 1985-199133. =CB@5==OO ?>;8B8:0: ?>?KB:0 CA:>@5=8O A>F80;L=>-M:>=><8G5A:>3> @0728B8O AB@0=K. 1>AB@5=85 M:>=><8G5A:>3> :@878A0. C@A =0 ?5@5AB@>9:C ?>;8B8G5A:>9 8 M:>=><8G5A:>9 A8AB5<. 5D>@<8@>20=85 ?>;8B8G5A:>9 A8AB5<K A>25BA:>3> >1I5AB20. !J574K =0@>4=KE 45?CB0B>2. 71@0=85 @57845=B0 !!! . =>3>?0@B89=>ABL. 1>AB@5=85 ?>;8B8G5A:>3> :@878A0. >=F5?F88 ?5@5E>40 : @K=:C. 1>AB@5=85 =0F8>=0;L=>3> 2>?@>A0. >?KB:8 @5D>@<8@>20=8O =0F8>=0;L=>-3>AC40@AB25==>3> CAB@>9AB20 !!! . 5A?C1;8:0=A:89 A5?0@0B87<. 5:;0@0F8O > 3>AC40@AB25==>< AC25@5=8B5B5 !$! . 71@0=85 ?@57845=B0 !$! . ">2>>30@52A:89 ?@>F5AA". 0A?04 !!! . !>740=85 !. =5H=OO ?>;8B8:0: A>25BA:>-0<5@8:0=A:85 >B=>H5=8O 8 ?@>1;5<0 @07>@C65=8O. >3>2>@K A 254CI8<8 :0?8B0;8AB8G5A:8<8 AB@0=0<8. K2>4 A>25BA:8E 2>9A: 87 D30=8AB0=0. 7<5=5=85 >B=>H5=89 A> AB@0=0<8 A>F80;8AB8G5A:>3> A>4@C65AB20. 0A?04 !>25B0 -:>=><8G5A:>9 708<>?><>I8 8 @30=870F88 0@H02A:>3> 4>3>2>@0. K2>4 A>25BA:8E 2>9A: 87 2@>?K 8 788. >@<0;870F8O >B=>H5=89 A  . >AA89A:0O $545@0F8O 2 1992-2000 33. =CB@5==OO ?>;8B8:0: "(>:>20O B5@0?8O" 2 M:>=><8:5: ;815@0;870F8O F5=, MB0?K ?@820B870F88 B>@3>2>-?@><KH;5==KE ?@54?@8OB89. 045=85 ?@>872>4AB20. #A8;5=85 A>F80;L=>9 =0?@O65==>AB8. >AB 8 70<54;5=85 B5<?>2 D8=0=A>2>9 8=D;OF88. 5=><8=0F8O @C1;O. 1>AB@5=85 1>@L1K <564C 8A?>;=8B5;L=>9 8 70:>=>40B5;L=>9 2;0ABLN. >A?CA: 5@E>2=>3> !>25B0 8 AJ5740 =0@>4=KE 45?CB0B>2. :BO1@LA:85 A>1KB8O 19933. #?@074=5=85 <5AB=KE >@30=>2 !>25BA:>9 2;0AB8. K1>@K 2 $545@0;L=>5 A>1@0=85. >=AB8BCF8O $ 19933. $>@<8@>20=85 ?@57845=BA:>9 @5A?C1;8:8. 0F8>=0;L=K5 :>=D;8:BK =0 !525@=>< 02:075. 0@;0<5=BA:85 2K1>@K 19953. @57845=BA:85 2K1>@K 19963. ;0ABL 8 >??>78F8O. $8=0=A>2K9 :@878A 023CAB0 19983. !B018;870F8O 8 @>AB =0F8>=0;L=>9 M:>=><8:8. "B>@0O G5G5=A:0O 2>9=0". 0@;0<5=BA:85 2K1>@K 19993. 8 4>A@>G=K5 ?@57845=BA:85 2K1>@K 20003. =5H=OO ?>;8B8:0: >AA8O 2 !. #G0AB85 @>AA89A:8E 2>9A: 2 "3>@OG8E B>G:0E" 1;86=53> 70@C156LO: >;4028O, @C78O, "0468:8AB0=. !>N7 >AA88 8 5;>@CAA88. B=>H5=8O >AA88 A> AB@0=0<8 40;L=53> 70@C156LO. K2>4 @>AA89A:8E 2>9A: 87 2@>?K 8 AB@0= 1;86=53> 70@C156LO. >AA89A:>-0<5@8:0=A:85 4>3>2>@5==>AB8. >AA8O 8 ". >AA8O 8 !>25B 2@>?K. .3>A;02A:85 :@878AK (1999-200033.) 8 ?>78F8O >AA88. #G0AB85 $ 2 1>@L15 A <564C=0@>4=K< B5@@>@87<><. >AA8O 2 2000 201133. !>F80;L=>-M:>=><8G5A:0O ?>;8B8:0 2 2000-5 3>4K. >AC40@AB25==>-?>;8B8G5A:>5 @0728B85 2 2000-5 3>4K. C;LBC@=>5 @0728B85 >AA88 2 2000-5 3>4K. 1@07>20=85 D545@0;L=KE >:@C3>2. 0728B85 D>@<K 3>AC40@AB25==>3> ?@02;5=8O. 0728B85 D>@<K 3>AC40@AB25==>3> CAB@>9AB20. >@L10 A B5@@>@87<>< 8 ?@>1;5<K 3>AC40@AB25==>-?>;8B8G5A:>3> C@53C;8@>20=8O 2 '5G5=A:>9 5A?C1;8:5. =5H=OO ?>;8B8:0: >B=>H5=8O A> AB@0=0<8 1;86=53> 8 40;L=53> 70@C156LO, CG0AB85 $ 2 1>@L15 <8@>2>3> A>>1I5AB20 A <564C=0@>4=K< B5@@>@87<><. 5@5G5=L B5< 4;O ?>43>B>2:8 : 2ABC?8B5;L=K< 8A?KB0=8O<: 1. >AB>G=K5 A;02O=5 2 4@52=>AB8. 1@07>20=85 4@52=5@CAA:>3> 3>AC40@AB20. >@<0==A:0O B5>@8O. 2. 852A:0O CAL 2 10-12 25:0E. A=>2=K5 MB0?K 8 B5=45=F88 A>F80;L=>-M:>=><8G5A:>3> 8 ?>;8B8G5A:>3> @0728B8O. 3. 2545=85 E@8AB80=AB20 =0 CA8 8 53> 8AB>@8G5A:>5 7=0G5=85. 4. C;LBC@0 852A:>9 CA8 8 @CAA:8E 75<5;L 2 9-13 25:0E \4> <>=3>;LA:>3> =0H5AB28O\. 5. CAA:0O ?@0240 :0: ?0<OB=8: 4@52=5@CAA:>3> ?@020. 6. $5>40;L=0O @074@>1;5==>ABL @CAA:8E 75<5;L: ?@8G8=K 8 ?>A;54AB28O. 7. 0BK52> =0H5AB285 8 A8AB5<0 <>=3>;>-B0B0@A:>3> 830 =0 CA8. 8. >@L10 @CAA:>3> =0@>40 A 03@5AA859 H254A:8E 8 =5<5F:8E D5>40;>2 2 13 25:5. 9. @8G8=K, >A>15==>AB8, >A=>2=K5 MB0?K >1@07>20=8O 548=>3> @CAA:>3> 3>AC40@AB20. >72KH5=85 >A:2K: :>=5F 13-:>=5F 14 25:0. 10. >A:>2A:>5 :=O65AB2>-?>;8B8G5A:89 ;845@ 25;8:>@CAA:8E 75<5;L 8 >@30=870B>@ >1I5@CAA:>9 1>@L1K ?@>B82 >@4K=A:>3> 830. $5>40;L=0O 2>9=0 2 <>A:>2A:>< :=O65AB25 2> 2-9 G5B25@B8 15 25:0: :>=5F 14-A5@548=0 15 25:0 11. 025@H5=85 ?@>F5AA0 >1J548=5=8O 25;8:>@CAA:8E 75<5;L 8 A25@65=8O >@4K=A:>3> 830. 1@07>20=85 F5=B@0;87>20==>3> 3>AC40@AB20. 12. CAA:85 75<;8 8 5;8:>5 :=O65AB2> 8B>2A:>5 2 13-15 25:0E: E0@0:B5@ 2708<>>B=>H5=89. 25 CA8: ?> B5@@8B>@88, D>@<0< ?@02;5=8O, @5;8388, ?@020E 3>@>4>2. 13. CAA:0O :C;LBC@0 14-16 25:>2: ?> 25:0< 14. 71@0==0O 040 8 @5D>@<K 50-E 3>4>2 16 25:0. 15. ?@8G=8=0: ?@8G8=K, <5B>4K, ACI=>ABL, ?>A;54AB28O. 16. =5H=OO ?>;8B8:0 >AA88 2> 2-9 ?>;>28=5 16 25:0. 17. >AA8O =0 @C1565 16-17 25:0. !<CB=>5 2@5<O: MB0?K, >A>15==>AB8, ?@5>4>;5=85. 18. 17 25: - =>2K9 ?5@8>4 2 8AB>@88 >AA88. !>F80;L=>-M:>=><8G5A:>5 @0728B85 AB@0=K. 19. >;8B8G5A:>5 @0728B85 >AA88 2 17 25:5. !>1>@=>5 C;>65=85 1649 3. 20. !>A;>2=>-?@54AB028B5;L=0O <>=0@E8O 2 >AA88 \16-17 25:0\ 8 55 ?>;8B8G5A:85 2>7<>6=>AB8. 21. =5H=OO ?>;8B8:0 ?5@2>3> F0@O 87 48=0AB88 ><0=>2KE. 22. =5H=OO ?>;8B8:0 >AA88 2> 2-9 ?>;>28=5 17 25:0. >AA>548=5=85 #:@08=K A >AA859. 23. >AAB0=8O A5@548=K 8 2-9 ?>;>28=K 17 25:0. 24. CAA:0O :C;LBC@0 17 25:0. 25. &5@:>2L 8 F5@:>2=0O @5D>@<0 17 25:0. &5@:>2=K9 @0A:>; :0: A>F80;L=>5 O2;5=85. 26. A=>2=K5 MB0?K 70:@5?>I5=8O :@5ABLO=. 27. >AC40@AB25==>-04<8=8AB@0B82=K5 @5D>@<K 5B@0-1. #B25@645=85 01A>;NB=>9 <>=0@E88. 28. !>F80;L=>-M:>=><8G5A:85 ?@5>1@07>20=8O 5B@0-1. 29. =5H=OO ?>;8B8:0 >AA88 :>=F0 17-?5@2>9 G5B25@B8 18 25:0. !525@=0O 2>9=0. 30. C;LBC@0 >AA88 1-9 G5B25@B8 18 25:0. 31. -?>E0 42>@F>2KE ?5@52>@>B>2: 2=CB@5==OO 8 2=5H=OO ?>;8B8:0. 32. =CB@5==OO ?>;8B8:0 :0B5@8=K-2. 33. =5H=OO ?>;8B8:0 :0B5@8=K-2. 34. =B5=A8D8:0F8O \ M2>;NF8O\ :@5?>AB=>3> ?@020 2 18 25:5. 0@>4=K5 2>AAB0=8O. 35. C;LBC@=0O 8 >1I5AB25==0O 687=L >AA88 2 A5@548=5 8 2-9 ?>;>28=5 18 25:0. 36. @02;5=85 02;0 1. 37. =CB@5==OO ?>;8B8:0 ;5:A0=4@0-1. 38. =5H=OO ?>;8B8:0 >AA88 2 1-9 G5B25@B8 19 25:0. B5G5AB25==0O 2>9=0 1812 3>40. 39. 2865=85 45:01@8AB>2: A8AB5<0 273;O4>2 8 B0:B8:0 459AB289. 40. >=A5@20B82=0O <>45@=870F8O >AA88 2 M?>EC ?@02;5=8O 8:>;0O-1. 41. =5H=OO ?>;8B8:0 >AA88 2 20-50-5 3>4K 19 25:0. >AB>G=K9 2>?@>A. @K<A:0O 2>9=0. 42. 1I5AB25==>5 42865=85 2 >AA88 2 30-50-5 3>4K 19 25:0. 43. C;LBC@0 >AA88 1-9 ?>;>28=K 19 25:0. 44. @5ABLO=A:0O @5D>@<0 1861 3>40: >A=>2=K5 ?>;>65=8O 8 7=0G5=85. 45. 815@0;L=K5 @5D>@<K 60-70-E 3>4>2 19 25:0: A>45@60=85 8 7=0G5=85. 46. =5H=OO ?>;8B8:0 >AA88 2 60-90-5 3>4K 19 25:0. CAA:>-BC@5F:0O 2>9=0 1877-1878 3>4>2. 47. 0@>4=8G5AB2> 70-80-E 3>4>2 19 25:0: 845>;>38O, >A=>2=K5 B5G5=8O, B0:B8:0 1>@L1K. 48. =CB@5==OO ?>;8B8:0 ;5:A0=4@0-3: 845>;>38O 8 ?>;8B8:0 :>=B@@5D>@<. 49. 01>G55 42865=85 70-90-E 3>4>2 19 25:0 8 @0A?@>AB@0=5=85 <0@:A87<0 2 >AA88. 50. C;LBC@0 >AA88 2> 2-9 ?>;>28=K 19 25:0. 51. C;LBC@0 >AA88 2 =0G0;5 20 25:0. 52. 0728B85 :0?8B0;87<0 2 >AA88 :>=F0 19-=0G0;0 20 25:0. 8BB5 8 53> ?@>3@0<<0 E>7O9AB25==>9 <>45@=870F88. 53. =5H=OO ?>;8B8:0 >AA88 2 :>=F5 19-=0G0;5 20 25:>2. CAA:>-O?>=A:0O 2>9=0. 54. 1I5AB25==K5 ?>;8B8G5A:85 42865=8O 8 ?>;8B8G5A:85 ?0@B88 >AA88 =0 @C1565 19-20 25:>2. 55. 52>;NF8O 1905-1907 3>4>2: ?@8G8=K, E0@0:B5@, >A>15==>AB8, >A=>2=K5 MB0?K, 8B>38. 56. =CB@5==OO ?>;8B8:0 !B>;K?8=0, 53> ?@>3@0<<0 <>45@=870F88 >AA88. 57. !B0=>2;5=85 @>AA89A:>3> ?0@;0<5=B0@87<0 . 1-O 8 2-O >AC40@AB25==K5 4C<K. 58. >AA8O 2 3>4K 1 <8@>2>9 2>9=K 59. 52>;NF8>==K9 1917 3>4 \ >AA8O >B $52@0;O : :BO1@N \: 1>@L10 0;LB5@=0B82 >1I5AB25==>3> @0728B8O. @8E>4 1>;LH528:>2 : 2;0AB8. 60. $>@<8@>20=85 A>25BA:>9 3>AC40@AB25==>9 8 ?>;8B8G5A:>9 A8AB5<K 8 M:>=><8G5A:0O ?>;8B8:0 1>;LH528:>2 2 >:BO1@5 1917-8N;5 1918 3>4>2. 61. =5H=OO ?>;8B8:0 >AA88 2 :>=F5 1917-=0G0;5 1918 3>4>2. @5ABA:89 <8@. 62. @0640=A:0O 2>9=0, 8=>AB@0==0O 2>5==0O 8=B5@25=F8O \1918-1922 \. 63. !>25BA:0O AB@0=0 2 CA;>28OE M?0. 64. 1@07>20=85 !!! : 1>@L10 D>@< >1J548=5=8O. 0F8>=0;L=>-3>AC40@AB25==>5 AB@>8B5;LAB2> 2 20-30-5 3>4K: ?@8=F8?K, <>45;8, ?@>B82>@5G8O. 65. >;8B8G5A:0O 1>@L10 2 !!!  2 20-5 3>4K. 66. >;8B8:0 D>@A8@>20==>3> AB@>8B5;LAB20 A>F80;87<0 2 !!! : F5;8, <5B>4K, 8B>38. 67. !>F80;L=>-M:>=><8G5A:>5 @0728B85 !!!  2 A5@548=5 30-E 3>4>2. 68. =5H=OO ?>;8B8:0 !!!  20-5 - 30-5 3>4K. 69. !>25BA:0O 48?;><0B8O 8 2=5H=OO ?>;8B8:0 !!!  =0:0=C=5 5;8:>9 B5G5AB25==>9 2>9=K \ 1938-1941 3>4K \. 70. 0?045=85 D0H8ABA:>9 5@<0=88 =0 !!! . 0G0;L=K9 ?5@8>4 5;8:>9 B5G5AB25==>9 2>9=K. 8B20 70 >A:2C. 71. 5;8:0O B5G5AB25==0O 2>9=0 8 <564C=0@>4=K5 >B=>H5=8O. =B838B;5@>2A:0O :>0;8F8O. 72. >@5==>9 ?5@5;>< 2 E>45 5;8:>9 B5G5AB25==>9 2>9=K. 73. 025@H0NI89 MB0? 2 5;8:>9 B5G5AB25==>9 2>9=5. B>38 8 C@>:8 2>9=K. 74. !!!  2 ?>A;52>5==>5 2@5<O \1945-1953 3>4K\. A>15==>AB8 A>F80;L=>-M:>=><8G5A:>3> 8 ?>;8B8G5A:>3> @0728B8O. 75. !!!  2 A5@548=5 50-60-E 3>4>2 20 25:0. 76. !!!  2 A5@548=5 60-E-A5@548=5 80-E 3>4>2. 77. !>25BA:>5 >1I5AB2> 2 A5@548=5 80-E-=0G0;5 90-E 3>4>2. 78. >AA8O 2 90-5 3>4K 20 25:0. 79. >AA8O 2 2000-5 3>4K. 8B5@0BC@0 4;O ?>43>B>2:8: >;:>2 .., 5B@>2 .., /=052 .. B5G5AB25==0O 8AB>@8O. #G51=8:. .: !>25BA:89 A?>@B, 2009. 52C@:>20 .. - 2014. AB>@8O. "8?>2K5 B5:AB>2K5 7040=8O.-.: 74-2> -:70<5=, 2014. 52C@:>20 .., !>;>2L52 /.. ?B8<0;L=K9 10=: 7040=89 4;O ?>43>B>2:8 CG0I8EAO. - 2014.AB>@8O. #G51=>5 ?>A>185.-.: =B5;;5:B-&5=B@, 2014. - 2014: AB>@8O: !0<>5 ?>;=>5 8740=85 B8?>2KE 20@80=B>2 7040=89./02B.-A>AB. .. @B0A>2, .. 5;L=8:>20.-.: !"-AB@5;L, 2014. - 2014. AB>@8O: B8?>2K5 M:70<5=0F8>==K5 20@80=BK: 10 20@80=B>2 /?>4 @54. .. 571>@>4>20.-.: 74-2> 0F8>=0;L=>5 >1@07>20=85, 2013. --2013: AB>@8O: A0<>5 ?>;=>5 8740=85 B8?>2KE 20@80=B>2 7040=89 / 02B.  A>AB. /.. !>;>2L52, .. 52C@:>20.  .: AB@5;L, 2013. ($545@0;L=K9 8=AB8BCB ?5403>38G5A:8E 87<5@5=89). AB>@8O >AA88 A 4@52=59H8E 2@5<5= 4> =0H8E 4=59. #G51=8:./ .. !0E0@>2, .. >E0=>2, .. (5AB0:>2.- .: @>A?5:B, 2011. C@C:8= .. -. AB>@8O: C=825@A0;L=K9 A?@02>G=8:.-<.: /C70-@5AA, 2013.  T5678F99<l>>pAG$HJLdO`PPJQRR TUU $dd5$7$8$9D@&H$[$\$^`a$gd)Add5$7$8$9DH$[$\$^`gd)AUPVV>XYZXZZ|]t^_`bbeffHhifjDk $dd5$7$8$9D@&H$[$\$^`a$gd)Add5$7$8$9DH$[$\$^`gd)ADkkDlmTpqrsuvw&xBxNzz{ }f~|& $dd5$7$8$9D@&H$[$\$^`a$gd)Add5$7$8$9DH$[$\$^`gd)Add5$7$8$9D@&H$[$\$^`gd)A&nnj<ڌҏNАdd5$7$8$9D@&H$[$\$^`gd)Add5$7$8$9DH$[$\$^`gd)A $dd5$7$8$9D@&H$[$\$^`a$gd)A$Dš4ʜ`r*8ұ $dd5$7$8$9D@&H$[$\$^`a$gd)Add5$7$8$9DH$[$\$^`gd)Aұh:x~X hjt^.* $dd5$7$8$9D@&H$[$\$^`a$gd)Add5$7$8$9DH$[$\$^`gd)Ah~h^.0@B "XZDFrtRTÿhPgh)ACJNHaJhPgh)ACJaJhPgh)A6aJh)Ah)A>*CJaJh)A5CJaJh)Ah)AB*CJaJphh)A5B*CJ\aJph#h5h)A5B*CJ\aJphh5h)AB*CJaJph5@BXv $Ifgd)A $$Ifa$gd)A d$Ifgd)A$If^`gd)A$a$gd)Agd)Add5$7$8$9DH$[$\$^`gd)AV&6r,NvBpz $Ifgd)A,~ nJ(|(TF02 d$Ifgd)A $Ifgd)AJLVX "\^(*,    @BDFd÷诤莯hJh)ACJaJhgh)ACJaJ h,`h)Ah)Ahzvh)ACJaJh)ACJaJh)Ah)A>*CJaJh)Ah)A5CJaJh)A5CJaJmH sH hPgh)A5CJaJhPgh)ACJaJhPgh)ACJNHaJ)2hlJp($$If^`a$gd)A$If^`gd)A $$Ifa$gd)A $Ifgd)A(*,    BD$$If^a$gd)AK$$1$5$7$8$9DH$Ifgd)AK$ $Ifgd)A $Ifgd)A $$Ifa$gd)A $$Ifa$gd)A $$Ifa$gd)A DF>xh$$If^a$gd)A $$Ifa$gd)A $$Ifa$gd)A $Ifgd)A $Ifgd)A\kd$IfK$L$l0$<0$@ t<044 lap[kdq$$Ifl0$/$@ t<044 lap,1h. A!"R#n$n% o$IfK$L$l!vh5$5@ #v$#v@ :V l t<05$5@ pl$$If!vh5$5@ #v$#v@ :V l t<05$5@ pn@Rn )A1KG=K9($q5$7$8$9DH$^q`a$B*CJ_HmHphsHtHR@R )A 03>;>2>: 5 <@&56CJ\]aJBAB A=>2=>9 H@8DB 0170F0Xi@X 1KG=0O B01;8F04 l4a .k. 5B A?8A:0\\ )A =0: =0:4-56B*CJ\]_HaJmHphsHtHZB@Z )AA=>2=>9 B5:AB1$^` B*CJphFP@F )AA=>2=>9 B5:AB 2 dx.;hfHr'  b | x `8`&LsU4Ii7 !"#$T%['y' (())*+,,,O./(112X4445G667O8888h99\:;<2>j>o@AABBCPDD7FlFcGpHHHIHKKLM0NlNNNOPPQVRRUU&VViWWxY=ZZZ5\\@]^__``aaacd]ddduee{ffh5iJii4kklDll[nnpp|rs txtuuIwwyyz[z{~@~~Rׂ%Ɔ|GɈe+^Í#s͓ 0m8`.>ڛ.y?5 ߣG]ݥ|Ϋܫ~@yί;-pٳʴ(H~#ƸMݻDU Ck.>BoX8zFo#j!:>vJN,t b0 4v\s7{ 6zr 8`ye #JT/(q 9s1'Z080000080000000000800000080000000080000000080000000800000000800000000080000000080000000080000000800080000000000080000000008000000800080000000800080000800000080000080000080000080000080000008000000800080000008000800008000000800008000800000080000000000800000000800080000080000000000808000000008008000000800000000000000008000800080800000008000080000080000080000080000080000H0H0H0H0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0 0 00000 0 0 0f=a`T5UDk&ұ2(D     8QGxQExQFxQxQ=xQ =xQ,Y5ݙ[odhV]| Ar  !"#$%&'()*+,-./01234567C8*urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttagsmetricconverter V.149731550316063161331649 316493168231724317623177131801318123182531826318333184931856318613186231863318713188131882318843190531906319073191031914319153191631917319183193631939319413194631965319773199331995319963199831999320003 ProductID8-8-8-8-8-8-8-8-8- 8- 8- 8- 8- 8-8-8-8-8-8-8-8-8-8-8-8-8-8-8-8-8-8-8-8-8-8-8-8-8-8-8-8- 8- 8-!8-#8-"8-$8-%8-&8-'8-'8-(8-)8-*8-+8-,8-Yb ' ) 2 INDGEL8A"1 %$/$A$I$$$$$%%%&(&3&A&H&^*i***E+M+,,0,:,=,H,u,~,)121223334|4444.747Y8^8A;I;;;;;?? ?+?@@AAAACC(G0GJJKKLMMM=MJMMMMMRRW"WXY=^G^``=aPanbwbbbc$c3c=cmcrcqfxfffggphh[jbjijpjjjssss"u)uHuQueuouvvvvt{{{{}}Sã׉NU`d{`kT` KU"͡(#1;1:eokryZa[]r#$  & ( DGfg(&3&,,$1%144@8K888::g>h>H?S?@AAAlHmHHHLLLLNN(O)O+O5ORRUU#V$V[[=]>]``X`Y`[`b`eegggghhhhiiAlBlllllWnXnnnppppuuvvvvvvvvqwrwyyzzFzGz=~>~~~emÆĆƈLj[\НKߣFGNBDBIlnYZ[\prWWΫܫ.>FZ5x)A_{@{/(]{UnknownGz Times New Roman5Symbol3& z Arial"qh %*$~$~!n24-- 2qHX)?)A2:@>3@0<<0 2ABC?8B5;L=KE 8A?KB0=89 ?> 48AF8?;8=5 AB>@8O priemkomCustomerOh+'0( <H h t <  priemkom Normal.dot Customer3Microsoft Office Word@Ik@c-Ze@>2$՜.+,0( hp  Rmat~- ;    !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~     !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKMNOPQRSUVWXYZ[`Root Entry F M2bData 1Table 3WWordDocument..SummaryInformation(LDocumentSummaryInformation8TCompObjq  F Microsoft Office Word MSWordDocWord.Document.89q